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IV. Formal Experimentation and New Waves (narrative, sound, and visual innovation) 16. Udayananu Tharam (2005) — Satire about the film industry itself; reflexive narratives and meta-commentary on cinematic labor. 17. Marana Simhasanam (1999) — Blurs documentary and fiction to critique capital punishment and media spectacle. 18. Anantaram (1987) — Complex narrative layers, unreliable narration, and play with subjectivity—an experimental psychological odyssey. 19. Kutty Srank (2010) — Multiple viewpoints create a composite portrait of a man and his world; formal polyphony as ethical inquiry. 20. Parrikar — (representative experimental short) — Small-scale formal experiments that influenced broader cinematic language in Kerala.