Elektor Electronics 302 Circuits Pdf 14 Instant

Section D — Troubleshooting and modification (20 marks) 14. (8 marks) You assemble a DC motor speed controller from the collection but find the motor judders and supply voltage drops under modest load. Provide a step-by-step troubleshooting checklist (8 key tests or checks), explain what each test reveals, and recommend likely component-level fixes. 15. (6 marks) A published audio amplifier produces audible hum at 50/60 Hz. List five probable causes and for each give one corrective action. 16. (6 marks) You want to adapt a circuit that uses an obsolete IC specified at ±12 V to work from a single 12 V supply with minimal redesign. Outline a practical approach (6 concise steps) including level shifting, virtual rails, or selecting modern equivalents.