Orhan grinned. "There are tools in microeconomics to fix this." The factory workers sneered at protests, arguing their waste reduced their production costs . Orhan knew that without intervention, the factory would keep poisoning the valley. Drawing inspiration from Unsal’s chapter, he drafted a Pigouvian tax proposal—imposing a fee equal to the damage caused by each ton of waste dumped. This, he explained, would raise the factory’s costs, pushing them to clean up or invest in safer alternatives.