This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. A survey was administered to 100 Ibu-Anak SMP dyads (200 participants) in urban and rural areas of Indonesia, while in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Ibu-Anak SMP pairs. The survey instrument included questions on demographics, lifestyle habits, entertainment preferences, and communication patterns. The interviews explored more nuanced aspects of their relationships, including their daily routines, leisure activities, and conflicts.
Arabic 