There’s an environmental and consumer‑rights angle too. Cheap Wi‑Fi dongles with ephemeral driver support encourage e‑waste: a functioning radio becomes unusable when the drivers lag OS upgrades. Users who invested in a dongle last year may find it obsolete not because of hardware failure but because of software neglect. This disconnect between hardware lifespan and software stewardship betrays a wider problem in consumer electronics: short product lifecycles masked by ostensibly durable physical designs.